Experimental Method All experiments were carried out in a high-pressure CO2 apparatus (Speed-SFE from Applied Separations) (see Figure 1) with a 300-mL extractor designed for a maximum pressure of 690 bar and a maximum temperature of 2... Experimental Method
All experiments were carried out in a high-pressure
CO2 apparatus (Speed-SFE from Applied Separations)
(see Figure 1) with a 300-mL extractor designed for a
maximum pressure of 690 bar and a maximum temperature
of 250 °C. The volume of the extractor had to be
reduced to 50 mL by a metallic cylinder, which tightens
to the extractor wall, because as preliminary tests
showed the equilibrium cell has to be completely filled
with material. Otherwise, diffusion is the limiting factor
and time for reaching equilibrium was too long. The
extraction vessel was filled with compressed CO2 by an
air-driven pump at closed outlet valves and under static
conditions, which means desired pressure and temperature;
the cell was incubated for 15 h, maintaining these
conditions to reach equilibrium. In preliminary experiments
the equilibrium time of 15 h was determined to
reach equilibrium.
CO2 Sampling. At equilibrium a CO2 phase sample
is taken by opening the outlet valve and expanding a
certain amount of CO2-substance mixture into a cooling
trap filled with toluene, which has the highest solubility
for the measured substances under atmospheric conditions.
The pure gaseous CO2 passes a rotameter, showing
the actual flow rate, and a gas flowmeter for
determining the expanded CO2 amount. The content of
the cooling trap was filled up with toluene to 30 mL and
analyzed by a gas chromatographic method using an
electron capture detector (GC-ECD). With the mass of
expanded CO2 and composition of the cooling trap
solubility at a certain pressure and temperature was
calculated. Sampling was repeated four times at a given
pressure and temperature and the standard deviation
was lower than 5%.
Gas Chromatographic Method. The tolueneflame
retardant mixture of CO2 sampling was analyzed
in a gas chromatograph (HP 5890 Serie II) with an ECD
using a capillary column (type HP-1, 12 m 0.2 mm 0.2 ím). The injector temperature was held constant at
290 °C and the detector temperature at 300 °C. The oven
temperature was held constant at 290 °C. Calibration
with different amounts of HBCD and TBBA in toluene
has been done before determining the linear range of
calibration line and retention time of substances
实验方法所有实验进行了在高压力, CO2的器具(速度从应用超临界流体萃取分离) (见图1 )与300毫升萃取器设计的Z高压力690酒吧和一的Z高温度250 ° C时量的萃取不得不减少到五十○毫升由一个金属圆筒,收紧向萃取墙,因为初步测试结果显示,平衡细胞已被完全填满与材料。否则,扩散是限制因素和时间达成平衡是过长。提取船只充满了压缩的CO2由一个空气驱动泵在这些已关闭的出口阀门和静态条件下,这意味着理想的压力和温度;细胞培养15小时,保持这些条件,以达到平衡。在初步的实验平衡的时间为15小时决心达到平衡。二氧化碳采样。在平衡二氧化碳相调查样本,所采取的开放,出口阀和扩大一定数额的二氧化碳物质的混合物成为一个冷却的陷阱,充满甲苯,具有Z高的溶解度为衡量物质常压下的条件。纯气体的CO2通过浮子,显示的实际流速,和气体流量计的决定扩大二氧化碳的金额。内容冷却的陷阱,是填补了与甲苯30毫升和分析,由气相色谱法使用电子捕获检测器(气相色谱-幼儿发展) 。与大规模的扩大, CO2和组成冷却陷阱的溶解度在一定温度和压力计算。采样重复4次在某一特定压力和温度和标准偏差低于5 % 气相色谱法。该tolueneflame阻燃混合物CO2的采样,分析了在一个气相色谱仪(惠普5890系列二)与一幼儿发展使用毛细管柱(类型的HP - 1 , 12米0.2毫米0.2 ím ) 。喷油器温度举行了不断在290 ° C和检测器温度在300 ° C时校准与不同数量的hbcd和tbba在甲苯中已做了,然后才决定的线性范围为校准线和保留时间的物质.
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