分子印迹技术的研究进展

分子印迹技术是制备具有分子识别能力聚合物的技术 ，因具有构效预定性、特异识别性和广泛实用性三大特性 ，而在分离纯化、生物化学、生物药学以及医学等诸多领域具有广阔的应用前景。综述了蛋白质分子印迹技术的起源和发展、印迹聚合物的制备、印迹效果评价及在各个领域的应用 ，并对其应用前景进行了展望。

Advances in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have
received increasing attention (Hillberg and Tabrizian， 2008)， particularly
with respect to the separation and delivery (Allender et
al.， 2000; Byrne and Peppas， 2008) of bioactive molecules， and for
their applications as sensors (Haupt and Belmont， 2007) in environmental
(Prasada Rao and Kala， 2008) and biological detection
(Lieberzeit and Dickert， 2008). MIPs can have different structures;
for instance， irregular micro-particles and uniform nanoparticles
(Yoshimatsu et al.， 2007) have been synthesized with conventional
bulk thermal/photo-polymerization， and precipitation (Chaitidou
et al.， 2008; Yoshimatsu et al.， 2007)/microemulsion (Tan et al.，
2008) polymerizations. MIP particles are generally packed into
an HPLC (or other) column when used to separate desired target
molecules， while thin films ofMIPs， often coated on electrodes， are
often used for the direct sensing of template molecules.

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分子印记聚合物的优点逐渐引起人们的注意，尤其在生物活性分子分离与运输、环境传感器几级生物检测方面。分子印迹聚合物有不同的结构，举例来说不规则的微米颗粒和均一的纳米微粒，通过传统的热聚合、光聚合、沉淀聚合和微乳聚合加以合成。分子印迹聚合物通常被填充到GX液相色谱柱中用于目标分子的分离。在电极上包裹薄的分子印迹聚合膜，用于模板分子的直接传感