Abstract
Laboratory tests to evaluate piston ring and cylinder liner materials for their friction and wear behavior in realistic engine oils are described
to support the development of new standard test methods. A ring segment was tested against a flat specimen of gray cast iron typical of
cylinder liners. A wide range of lubricants including Jet A aviation fuel, mineral oil, and a new and engine-aged, fully formulated 15W40
heavy duty oil were used to evaluate the sensitivity of the tests to lubricant condition. Test temperatures ranged from 25 to 100 8C. A stepped
load procedure was used to evaluate friction behavior using a run-in ring segment. At 100 8C, all lubricants showed boundary lubrication
behavior, however, differences among the lubricants could be detected. Wear tests were carried out at 240 N for 6 h at 100 8C with new ring
segments. The extent of wear was measured by weight loss, wear volume and wear depth using a geometric model that takes into account
compound curvatures before and after testing. Wear volume by weight loss compared well with profilometry. Laboratory test results are
compared to engine wear rates.
q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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