Synthesis.
合成
Anilinium hydrochloride, anilinium sulfate, and ammonium peroxydisulfate were of analytical grade and were used as received (Fisher). 苯胺盐酸盐、苯胺硫酸盐和过氧化硫酸铵都是分析纯的,而且在待刚收到时加以采用(Fisher公司产品)。A salt of aniline and camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) was prepared by the reaction between aniline and CSA in water followed by evaporation. 苯胺和樟脑磺酸(CSA)的盐通过苯胺和CSA在水中反应,然后蒸发而制备。In a typical solid-state reaction to produce polyaniline, a mixture of an anilinium salt and ammonium peroxydisulfate were loaded into a stainless steel grinding bowl of 50 mL capacity. 在生产聚苯胺的典型固态反应中,苯胺盐和过氧化硫酸铵的混合物被加进一个50mL容量的不锈钢研磨钵中。The molar ratio of the anilinium salt to ammonium peroxydisulfate varied from 0.25:1 to 10:1. 苯胺盐与过氧化硫酸铵的摩尔比从0.25:1到10:1变化。Six stainless steel grinding balls, four with a diameter of 1 cm and two with a diameter of 0.5 cm, were loaded with the reactants to facilitate grinding. 6个不锈钢研磨球与反应物一起加进去,以促进研磨,这6个球中4个为1cm直径,2个为0.5cm直径。The grinding bowls were then sealed and spun at 600 rpm in a planetary micromill (Pulverizette 7) for 1 h. 然后将研磨钵密封起来,在一台行星式小型粉碎机(Pulverizette 7型)中在600rpm的转速下旋转1h。
Purification.
纯化
Once the spinning stopped, the product was transferred into a beaker and washed. Rinsing with 1.0 M ammonia yielded dedoped polyaniline, while rinsing with water left the product in the doped state. 一旦旋转停止,产物就被转移到一只烧杯中并加以漂洗。在用水漂清留下掺杂状态产物的同时,用1.0M的氨水漂清,产生去掺杂的聚苯胺。Approximately 250 mL of ammonia and 1000 mL of distilled water were used for rinsing. 大约用250 mL的氨水和1000mL的蒸馏水用于漂清。The product was then washed with methanol, filtered, and dried in a vacuum oven at room temperature for a period of at least 24 h. The dried product was then weighed to determine the percent yield. 然后将产物用甲醇漂洗,过滤,并在真空炉中于室温下干燥至少24h。然后将经过干燥的产物称重,以确定百分比产率。
Spectroscopy.
光谱术
Samples for UV-vis spectroscopy were prepared by dissolving a small amount of polyaniline in dimethyl formamide. 用于紫外可见光谱术的样本的制备是将少量的聚苯胺溶解在二甲基甲酰胺中。The absorption spectra of the polyaniline were recorded on a UV-vis spectrometer (HP 8453). 聚苯胺的吸收光谱被记录在紫外可见光谱仪(HP 8453型)上。Samples for the FT-IR were prepared as a pellets by pressing a mixture of polyaniline and potassium bromide. FT-IR spectra were recorded on a Jasco FT-IR 420 spectrophotometer. 用于傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)测量的样本通过将聚苯胺和溴化钾的混合物压缩成颗粒而制备。FT-IR光谱记录在Jasco 的FT-IR420 分光光度计上。