药学英语翻译

宛新东海 2010-11-30 04:37:20 389 浏览

Havingbrieflyexaminedthestructureoforganicpackingsandthevariousroutesintheirmanufacture，themostimportantfeaturesmaybesummarizedasfollows:>Hydrophilicaswellaslipophilicorg... Having briefly examined the structure of organic packings and the various routes in their manufacture， the most important features may be summarized as follows: > Hydrophilic as well as lipophilic organic packings are synthesized with a controlled pore and surface structure depending on the type of monomer/comonomer and the polymerization reaction. Surface structure can be altered by controlled consecutive surface reactions. > In accordance with the bulk composition， polymer packings are stable across almost the entire pH range， particularly under strong alkaline conditions. > Chemical stability is affected by oxidizing and reducing solutions. > Although cross-linking reactions have been optimised in as much as rigid pressure stable particles can be manufactured， some remaining swelling property is often noted when changing the solvent composition in HPLC. > As in the manufacture of silica， porosity， pore size， and surface area of polymer packings can be adjusted over a wide range， and micro-， meso-， and macro- as well as non-porous beads are synthesized reproducibly. 3.2.4.2 Hydrophobic Polymer Stationary Phases The synthesis of cross-linked copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene has been studied intensively and is well documented. The starting monomer is styrene， and divinylbenzene (DVB) is used as cross-linker. The amount of DVB can reach up to 55wt.%. At 55% DVB， the copolymer shows practically no swelling and possesses a permanent porosity. Figure 3.21 illustrates the network structure of poly(styrenedivinylbenzene) (St-DVB). Commercial products differ in bead size and pore size. There are even non-porous products on the market， designed for the rapid separation of peptides and proteins by reversed phase HPLC (Maa and Horvath， 1988). St-DVB copolymers are stable in the pH range 0–14. They find increasing application in the separation of low molecular weight compounds， peptides， and proteins by means of reversed phase chromatography (Tanaka et al.， 1987， Tweeten and Tweeten， 1986) and as parent materials for the synthesis of derivatized packings in interaction chromatography of biopoly-mers (Unger et al.， 1987， Regnier， 1987). Numerous other organophilic polymer packings have been synthesized for size exclusion and interactive HPLC after suitable derivatization. They are reviewed in depth by Mikes (1988). 展开

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一粒粟9 2010-12-01 00:00:00

简单的结构有了有机包装，不同的路线在他们的制造、Z重要的特征可归纳如下: >亲水性以及合成有机包装亲与控制毛孔及表面结构的负载量单体/单体含量和聚合反应。能够改变表面结构连续控制表面的反应。根据大多数>组成、聚合物填料是稳定的理解几乎整个pH范围，特别是在强碱性条件下。 >的化学稳定性是受氧化性和减少的解决方案。 >虽然交联反应被优化一样，作为刚性的压力我们可以生产稳定粒子，有些剩下的肿胀财产经常注意变更溶剂成分在GX液相色谱。在生产》和白炭黑、孔隙度、孔径、和表面面积的聚合物包装可在一范围内自由调整——、中观和微观3 -，和宏观- 可以作为合成珠子层。 3.2.4.2疏水性聚合物固定阶段交联共聚物的合成、苯乙烯、divinylbenzene的深入钻研了和有明文规定。开始单体苯乙烯、 divinylbenzene(DVB)，是用来作为调控涂饰剂。数字移动电视的数量可达 55wt. %。对他们来说很有效果DVB、共聚物几乎没有肿胀，拥有了的孔隙度。图3.21说明了网络结构对聚酯styrenedivinylbenzene) (St-DVB)。珠大小不同的商业产品和孔径。甚至有层产品在市场上，设计的快速多肽和蛋白质的分离通过反相GX液相色谱法(共和Horvath，1988)。St-DVB共聚物是稳定的 0-14 pH范围。他们发现越来越多地应用低分子分离重量肽段和蛋白质的化合物，通过反相色谱 (田中、苏达权等，1987年，Tweeten和Tweeten，1986年)，作为父母的材料结果的综合作用色谱填料biopoly-mers(Unger苏达权等，1987年，Regnier，1987)。不计其数的其他organophilic聚合物合成了包装大小排斥和互动GX液相色谱(HPLC)经过合适的 derivatization。他们等方面的研究进展，麦克一家深度(1988)。

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石上清泉1118 2010-12-01 00:00:00

简略的查看有机包装物的结构和他们各种各样的生产途径，Z重要的特点可以总结如下：》亲水性和亲脂性有机包装都是经过一种可控的小孔和表面结构合成的，这种结构取决于单体|单聚体以及聚合反应的类型。表面的结构可以通过连续的表面反应来改变。》与原始组成一致，多聚体包装在整个PH范围内都稳定，特别是强碱性环境。》化学稳定性受到氧化性和还原性溶液的影响。》尽管交联耦合反应已经在尽可能多的严格压力下被优化，稳定的粒子可以制备出来，当GX液相色谱法中的溶剂成分改变的时候，一些膨胀性质经常会注意到。》像硅胶的制作过程一样，多聚体包装的多孔性，孔径大小和表面积可以在宽范围内调节，微的，内消旋的，巨大的和无孔的玻璃粉可以可再生的合成。 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~· 我是药英专业的学生，才疏学浅，半段文字翻译了近半个小时，惭愧，你看看翻译的是否可以，如果明天还没有满意答案，我会继续翻译下半段，晚安。 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~· 早上好，我继续翻译下面的 3.2.4.2。疏水的多聚体固定相苯乙烯和二乙烯基苯的交联耦合共聚体的合成已经被深入研究和很好的证实了。起始的单聚体是苯乙烯，二乙烯基苯作为耦合交联剂。二乙烯基苯的量可以达到55wt.%(WT是什么意思我也不懂）在二乙烯基苯是55%时，共聚体几乎没有肿胀并且具有恒定的多孔性。图3、21阐明了苯乙烯二乙烯基苯共聚体的框架结构。商业产品在玻璃粉的尺寸和孔径大小方面有差异。在市场上甚至有无孔的产品，它是为在反相GX液相色谱法中快速分离蛋白质和肽类而设计的。(Maa and Horvath这两个人在， 1988年).苯乙烯和二乙烯基苯聚合物在PH0-14稳定。他们发现了依靠反相色谱分离小分子化合物，肽类和蛋白质这种应用的增加(Tanaka等人于1987和Tweeten and Tweeten二人与1986) 和在生物多聚体的交互色谱中合成衍生物包装材料的过程中作为母体的增加。(Unger等人于1987， Regnier于1987)。大量的其他亲有机物质的聚合物包装材料在合适的衍生反应下通过空间排阻色谱和交互色谱被合成。他们被在1988年被Mikes 深入研究。我译完了，希望能对你有帮助

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药学英语翻译: Havingbrieflyexaminedthestructureoforganicpackingsandthevariousroutesintheirmanufacture，themostimportantfeaturesmaybesummarizedasfollows:>Hydrophilicaswellaslipophilicorg... Having briefly examined the structure of organic packings and the various routes in their manufacture， the most important features may be summarized as follows: > Hydrophilic as well as lipophilic organic packings are synthesized with a controlled pore and surface structure depending on the type of monomer/comonomer and the polymerization reaction. Surface structure can be altered by controlled consecutive surface reactions. > In accordance with the bulk composition， polymer packings are stable across almost the entire pH range， particularly under strong alkaline conditions. > Chemical stability is affected by oxidizing and reducing solutions. > Although cross-linking reactions have been optimised in as much as rigid pressure stable particles can be manufactured， some remaining swelling property is often noted when changing the solvent composition in HPLC. > As in the manufacture of silica， porosity， pore size， and surface area of polymer packings can be adjusted over a wide range， and micro-， meso-， and macro- as well as non-porous beads are synthesized reproducibly. 3.2.4.2 Hydrophobic Polymer Stationary Phases The synthesis of cross-linked copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene has been studied intensively and is well documented. The starting monomer is styrene， and divinylbenzene (DVB) is used as cross-linker. The amount of DVB can reach up to 55wt.%. At 55% DVB， the copolymer shows practically no swelling and possesses a permanent porosity. Figure 3.21 illustrates the network structure of poly(styrenedivinylbenzene) (St-DVB). Commercial products differ in bead size and pore size. There are even non-porous products on the market， designed for the rapid separation of peptides and proteins by reversed phase HPLC (Maa and Horvath， 1988). St-DVB copolymers are stable in the pH range 0–14. They find increasing application in the separation of low molecular weight compounds， peptides， and proteins by means of reversed phase chromatography (Tanaka et al.， 1987， Tweeten and Tweeten， 1986) and as parent materials for the synthesis of derivatized packings in interaction chromatography of biopoly-mers (Unger et al.， 1987， Regnier， 1987). Numerous other organophilic polymer packings have been synthesized for size exclusion and interactive HPLC after suitable derivatization. They are reviewed in depth by Mikes (1988). 展开

英语翻译: UNIPHOS-400 multiparameter UV/IR based Fire Detector detects fire by detecting simultaneously three important characteristics of fire viz. UV radiation in the solar blind region of 185-260 nm， IR emission from the hot CO2 which invariab... UNIPHOS-400 multiparameter UV/IR based Fire Detector detects fire by detecting simultaneously three important characteristics of fire viz. UV radiation in the solar blind region of 185-260 nm， IR emission from the hot CO2 which invariably is present in and around a fire and the continuum black body IR radiation from the fire. This microprocessor based detector is housed in a flameproof enclosure with a viewing window. It is mounted on a wall mountable stand with provision to adjust the field of view to bring the viewing window in line of sight of the likely spot where fire can occur. The detector gives a fire alarm (red led glows) when all the three chosen fire parameters are detected. Simultaneously a relay output is available. When any one of IR or UV radiation is detected yellow led glows to give a warn alarm and also a relay output is available. The detector also provides an analog 4-20mA output and a RS485 digital output to indicate the above events. 展开

英语翻译: Forexample，intest，measurement，andcontrol，engineershaveusedvirtualinstrumentationtodownsizeautomatedtestequipment(ATE)whileexperiencinguptoa10timesincreaseinproductivityga... For example， in test， measurement， and control， engineers have used virtual instrumentation to downsize automated test equipment (ATE) while experiencing up to a 10 times increase in productivity gains at a fraction of the cost of traditional instrument solutions. Last year 25，000 companies in 90 countries invested in more than 6 million virtual instrumentation channels from National Instruments. 会的人帮忙翻译一下，我翻译的不通顺，没有中文的感觉。请高手帮助！菜鸟级别绕道。展开

英语翻译求助: The scheduler function involves planning how to produce the current volume of orders in the FMS， considering the current status of machine tools， work-in-process， tooling， fixtures， and so on. [91 The scheduling can be done automatically or... The scheduler function involves planning how to produce the current volume of orders in the FMS， considering the current status of machine tools， work-in-process， tooling， fixtures， and so on. [91 The scheduling can be done automatically or can be assisted by an operator. Most FMS control systems combine automatic and manual scheduling; the system generates an initial schedule that can be changed manually by the operator. The dispatcher function involves carrying out the schedule and coordinating the activities on the shop floor， that is， deciding when and where to transport a pallet， when to start a process on a machining center， and so on. The monitor function is concerned with monitoring work progress， machine status， alarm messages， and so on， and providing input to the scheduler and dispatcher as well as generating various production reports and alarm messages. A transport control module manages the transportation of parts and palettes within the system. Having an AGV system with multiple vehicles， the routing control logic can become rather sophisticated and become a critical part of the FMS control software. A load/unload module with a terminal at the loading area shows the operators which parts to introduce to the system and enables him or her to update the status of the control system when parts are3. Materials Handling System The automated materials handling system is a fundamental component that helps mold a group of independent CNC machines into a comprehensive FMS. The system must be capable of accepting workpieces mounted on pallets and moving them from workstation to workstation as needed. It must also be able to place workpieces on hold as they wait to be processed at a given workstation. The materials handling system must be able to unload a workpiece at one station and load another for transport to the next station. It must accommodate computer control and be completely compatible with other components in the flexible manufacturing system. Finally， the materials handling system for an FMS must be able to withstand the rigors of a shop environment. Some FMSes are configured with automated guided vehicles (AGVs) as a principal means of materials handling. 展开

跪求英语翻译。: Experiment SiO2 films with a thickness of 300 nm were grown on (100) p-Si substrates， with a resistivity of 4 W cm， using thermal oxidation at 1，000 C， for 90 min. Monte Carlo simulationcode (TRIM) was used to calculate the adequate ene... Experiment SiO2 films with a thickness of 300 nm were grown on (100) p-Si substrates， with a resistivity of 4 W cm， using thermal oxidation at 1，000 C， for 90 min. Monte Carlo simulationcode (TRIM) was used to calculate the adequate energy in order to place the maximum Ge concentration at the middle of the SiO2 film. SiO2 matrices were implanted with Ge74+ ions at RT， with 250 keV energy， using implantation doses of [0.5， 0.8， 1， 2， 3 and 4] · 1016 cm–2. After ion implantation， the samples were annealed at 1，000 C for 1 h in a forming gas atmosphere to precipitate Ge and to form the nanocrystallites. Raman spectra were obtained using a triple grating T- 64000 Jobin-Yvon spectrometer， with 1 cm–1 spectral resolution. The 514 nm line of the argon laser was used to excite the samples. All samples were measured at RT; the laser power on the sample was 9 mW. The diameter of the laser spot was 50 lm and the integration time was 30 min. The resonant Raman spectra were obtained in the backscattering configuration. The orientation of the Si substrate is fundamental to polarize the laser light， allowing the second-order Raman Si peak， at about 300 cm–1， to be suppressed not masking the Raman peaks corresponding to Ge-nc. PL spectra were measured at RT with a 240 nm excitation source， using a Spex Fluoromax spectrometer with a R298 Hamamatsu photomultiplier. Compositional analysis of the SiO2 matrix was carried out using a DIGILAB infra-red Fourier transform spectrometer. The system was purged with dry N2 to reduce the infrared (IR) absorption from H2O and CO2. Transmittance measurements were carried out within the 400– 4，000 cm–1 range at 300 K. The beam spot size was about 5 mm diameter and the resolution was 4 cm–1. In all cases a non-processed Si substrate sample was used as a reference. Results and discussions Figure 1 presents the Raman spectra of the films implanted with various doses [0.5; 0.8; 1; 2; 3; 4] · 1016 cm–2， followed by annealing forming-gas， (92% N2 + 8% H2) at 1，000 C， for 1 h. The position of the peak for bulk Ge was determined at 302.4 cm–1 and this value is used to compare with Ge-nc peaks. The Raman spectra of the implanted samples clearly show three bands: 210–280， 304 and 430 cm–1. The first one， 210–280 cm–1， is associated with amorphous Ge compounds. Such band was expected as the samples have been annealed at 1，000 C， therefore above the Ge melting temperature (938.3 C) [10]. At this temperature， Ge precipitates as liquid droplets inside a viscous oxide matrix. The second band was near 304 cm–1， and can be associated with Ge-nc. This band is in good agreement with the work reported by Wu et al. [11]. Finally， the third band at 430 cm–1 is related to local Si–Si vibrations [12]. 展开

科技英语翻译: 哪位高手帮忙翻译一下，非常感谢！！！ Casted titanium for dental crowns has been investigated by means of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)， X-Ray Diﬀraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The samples were prepare... 哪位高手帮忙翻译一下，非常感谢！！！ Casted titanium for dental crowns has been investigated by means of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)， X-Ray Diﬀraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The samples were prepared according to the Ohara process. XRD analysis revealed that the investment consisted essentially of SiO2， Mg2P2O7， SiO2•H2O and Mg2SiO4. SEM experiments combined with EDX analysis revealed the following atomic concentrations Si (62.6%)， Mg (19.7%)， P (17.1%)， and Ca (0.6%). After casting， the titanium samples exhibit a rough and irregular surface， and XRD analysis indicated that titanium contains essentially the α phase and traces of the β phase. After demoulding titanium samples， the investment side which was in contact with titanium was black colored， proving the reaction between titanium and the investment. XPS analysis performed on this side of the investment indicated that the Si 2p peak presents a shoulder on the low binding energy side and thus suggest that SiO2 has been transformed into metallic Si. 展开

英语翻译(2): Keywords:Epoxides;Amines;2-Aminoalcohols;Yttriumnitratehexahydrate;RegioselectivityAminoalcoholsconstituteanimportantclassofcompoundshavingbothchemicalandbiologicalapplic... Keywords: Epoxides; Amines; 2-Amino alcohols; Yttrium nitrate hexahydrate; Regioselectivity Amino alcohols constitute an important class of compoundshaving both chemical and biological applications. They are important pharmacophores present in various inhibitors and are used as building blocks for the synthesis of biologically active natural products， insecticidal agents and chiral auxillaries for asymmetric reactions.1a–f They act as starting materials for the synthesis of oxazolines which are useful in the polymer industry.1g Owing to their widespread applications， the synthesis of amino alcohols has received much attention in recent years. Traditionally， 2-amino alcohols are prepared by heating an epoxide with an excess of amine at elevated temperature. The use of a high temperature leads to undesired side reactions and also limits the applicability towards temperature sensitive substrates. To overcome these drawbacks various promoters such as ZnCl2，2 ScOTf，3 MgBr2OEt2，4 67 9 bismuth salts，5 CoCl2， CuBF4， DIPAT，8 Ti(OiPr)4， 1011 12TaCl5， ZrCl4， Sm(OTf)3， potassium dodecatungstocobaltate， 13 and aluminosilicate14 have been employed for the above transformation. The use of non-conventional techniques such as microwave irradiation at elevated temperaturehas also been reported.15 Recently， the use of Al(OTf)3 (1 mol %) as catalyst in toluene at reflux has also been reported.16 Although significant advances have been made in this area， low regioselectivity， longer reaction time， use of elevated temperature， high catalyst loading， toxic solvents and lower substrate compatibilitylimit their applications.Thus there is a need to develop an efficient catalytic protocol for ring opening of various epoxides with aliphatic， aromatic andheteroaromatic amines under ambient conditions 展开

药学类英文翻译！！！急！！！: bicyclam coreceptors Cyclams Monocyclam pphenylenebis Bipharmacophore covalentlycoupled metalcyclams dizinc

药学是干什么的？: 是学哪些东西的，毕业了可以做什么工作？

药学专业毕业论文如何写？: 本人就读成人大专药学专业，工作忙又要读书！希望大家提供下药学专业毕业论文参考资料！拜托了！！谢谢！谢谢！~... 本人就读成人大专药学专业，工作忙又要读书！希望大家提供下药学专业毕业论文参考资料！拜托了！！谢谢！谢谢！~ 展开

药学的干热灭菌名词解释:

应用化学专业英语翻译: Herein， we present a template approach that allows for the incorporation of normally labile metal centers， such as copper(I)， copper(II)， and silver(I)， into DNA branch points(Scheme 1 a). Remarkably high structural stability and chir-al... Herein， we present a template approach that allows for the incorporation of normally labile metal centers， such as copper(I)， copper(II)， and silver(I)， into DNA branch points(Scheme 1 a). Remarkably high structural stability and chir-ality transfer to the metal complex are demonstrated. More-over， we have used this approach to generate the first example of a dynamic multimetallic metal–DNA assembly， with three metal complexes as the corners， single-stranded DNA as the sides， and multiple DNA double strands at the periphery (Scheme 1 d). We demonstrate quantitative and reversible structural switching of these metal–DNA nanostructures by adding specific DNA strands， resulting in controlled modu-lation of the metal–metal distances.This contribution thus allows the programmable generation of structurally dynamic multimetallic metal–DNA assemblies， with anticipated appli-cations in nanoelectronics， nanooptics， artificial photosyn-thesis， high-density data storage， and catalysis. To create stable and electroactive metal–DNA junctions，we examined the attachment of the ligand bis(2，9-diphenyl)-1，10-phenanthroline (dpp) to DNA (Scheme 1 a). This ligand has been used by the groups of Sauvage and others to generate interwoven structures.[10]It forms complexes such as [Cu(dpp)2]+， whose redox potential falls within the compat-ible window for DNA bases (+ 0.8 to-0.7V vs. saturated calomel electrode， SCE) 展开

化学专业英语翻译: 以Na2WO4.2H2O和Zn(NO3)2.6H2O为原料，采用水热法制备出ZnWO4纳米晶催化剂。以曙红B为目标降解物，研究了ZnWO4催化剂的光催化性能，探讨了水热温度、水热时间和水热溶液pH值对ZnWO4催化剂的结晶形态及光催化活性的影响规律，结果表明:在酸性条件下制备的ZnWO4为片... 以Na2WO4.2H2O和Zn(NO3)2.6H2O为原料，采用水热法制备出ZnWO4纳米晶催化剂。以曙红B为目标降解物，研究了ZnWO4催化剂的光催化性能，探讨了水热温度、水热时间和水热溶液pH值对ZnWO4催化剂的结晶形态及光催化活性的影响规律，结果表明:在酸性条件下制备的ZnWO4为片状结构，链状分布，而在碱性条件下为棒状结构。在180℃，24 h的制备条件下，ZnWO4催化剂显示出Z高的光催化活性。水热溶液pH=5和pH=8时制得的催化剂在2 h内对5 mg/L的曙红B溶液的脱色率分别达到86%和95%。制备过程中溶液的pH值，催化剂的晶态和比表面积是影响催化剂活性的重要因素。展开

专业英语翻译，急用: This paper presents a procedure for preparing a nanofluid which is solid–liquid composite material consisting of solid nanoparticles with sizes typically of 1–100 nm suspended in liquid. By means of the procedure， Cu–H2O nanofluids with... This paper presents a procedure for preparing a nanofluid which is solid–liquid composite material consisting of solid nanoparticles with sizes typically of 1–100 nm suspended in liquid. By means of the procedure， Cu–H2O nanofluids with and without dispersant were prepared， whose sediment photographs and particle size distribution were given to illustrate the stability and evenness of suspension with dispersant. Aiming at the dispersion of nano-Cu is regarded as the guide of heat transfer enhancement， the dispersion behavior of Cu nanoparticles in water were studied under different pH values， different dispersant types and concentration by the method of zeta potential， absorbency and sedimentation photographs. The results show that zeta potential has good corresponding relation with absorbency， and the higher absolute value of zeta potential and the absorbency are， the better dispersion and stability in system is. The absolute value of zeta potential and the absorbency are higher at pH 9.5. Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CATB) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) can significantly increase the absolute value of zeta potential of particle surfaces by electrostatic repulsions， and polyoxyethylene (10) nonyl phenyl ether (TX-10) can form a thick hydration layer on the particle surfaces by steric interference， which leads to the enhancement of the stability for Cu suspensions. In the 0.1% copper nano-suspensions， the optimizing concentrations for TX-10， CATB， and SDBS are 0.43， 0.05， and 0.07%， respectively， which have the best dispersion results. . 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Copper nano-suspensions; Dispersion and stability; Zeta potential; Absorbency 展开

机械英语翻译网站: The varying rates of thermal expansion are the basis of the bimetal thermostat. The metal stripe of the thermostat have greatly different thermal expansion coefficients. When they are bonded together and heated， the metal with the high expa... The varying rates of thermal expansion are the basis of the bimetal thermostat. The metal stripe of the thermostat have greatly different thermal expansion coefficients. When they are bonded together and heated， the metal with the high expansion rate elongates much more than the other strip. This causes the strips to bend and touch the contact point. The lead screw goes through a pair of half nuts， which are fixed to the rear of the apron. When actuating a certain lever， the half nuts are clamped together and engage with the rotating lead screw as a single nut， which is fed， together with the carriage， along the bed. The width of cut is the width of the workpiece in contact with the cutter in a direction normal to the feed. We can easily see that the width of cut should decrease with increasing depth of cut to keep the load and power requirement below those that can be met by the cutter and the machine tool， respectively. The control unit coordinates the operations of all the other components. It controls the input and output information between the computer and the outside world through the I/O section， synchronizes the transfer of signals between the various sections of the computer， and commands the other sections in the performance of their functions. 展开