急求翻译下面这段测绘工程方面的文章

REAL-TIME KINEMATIC GPS Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is Trimble Navigation's Site Surveyor System available as a standard option upgrade to Trimble's 4000 series SE and SSE receivers. The Medicine Bow National Forest uses 4000 SSE and SE rece... REAL-TIME KINEMATIC GPS Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is Trimble Navigation's Site Surveyor System available as a standard option upgrade to Trimble's 4000 series SE and SSE receivers. The Medicine Bow National Forest uses 4000 SSE and SE receivers in it's Boundary Management program. The use of RTK enables a surveyor to determine a corner's position， establish a corner without having to make traditional corner moves or to mark and post line as quickly as the surveyor could walk， all without having to post-process the data. The surveyor using RTK can perform corner search within a meter or a couple of centimeters of the true location without the need to traverse down the line. For some survey applications traditional kinematic GPS field procedures are preferred， since many points can be observed in a short period of time with occupation times of a minute or less. However until now， kinematic surveying required post-processing before the results were available. This made field stakeout of corner positions， corner search， line marking and posting， and evaluation of coordinate accuracy in the field impossible to do using kinematic techniques (Curry et al 1993). Now， the use of RTK technology makes these impossible traditional kinematic tasks possible. What is RTK? RTK is currently carrier phase observations processed (corrected) in real-time resulting in position coordinates to a 1-2 centimeter accuracy level being available to the surveyor in the field. In other words， what the surveyor sees is what he gets. RTK， consists of two or more GPS receivers， three or more radio-modems， a "fixed-plate initializer" ， and a handheld survey data collector/computer (TDC1). In RTK， one receiver occupies a known reference station and broadcasts a correction message (Compact Measurement Record or CMR2) to one or more roving receivers. The roving receivers process the information to solve the WGS-84 vectors by solving the integers in real-time within the receiver to produce an accurate position relative to the reference station. Precision of RTK is +/-2 cm + 2 ppm， with 1 ppm equating to 1 mm per 1 km (Trimble Navigation， 1993). The TDC1 is used to graphically display the processed results of the surveyors current position on the ground at that moment. The TDC1 has the capability for the surveyor to navigate within a couple of centimeters to a known or unknown coordinate position using Local， State Plane or Geographic coordinates. In real-time positions may be logged in the field， inverses performed， attributes (features) recorded， azimuths and distances between points calculated， and corners located. RTK， as with traditional kinematic GPS procedures， currently requires continuous satellite lock to be maintained. This restriction allows for RTK to be most effective in a non-canopied， no obstructions environment.