离心机原理翻译一下····

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go小猪猪12138 2014-03-10 00:00:00

　　　　　离心机相关行业标准　　GB/T 10901-2005 离心机性能测试方法　　GB 19815-2005 离心机安全要求　　GB 6065-1985 TZ立式振动离心机　　GB 12258-1990 医用低速离心机　　JB/T 3263-2000 卧式振动离心机　　JB/T 4064-2005 上悬式离心机　　JB/T 5519-1991 高速冷冻离心机　　JB/T 6118-1992 TCL沉降过滤离心机　　QB/T 1754-1993 造纸机械立式离心机　　JB/T 53190-1999 三足式离心机产品质量分等　　JB 447-1985 卧式活塞推料离心机技术条件　　JB/T 502-2004 螺旋卸料沉降离心机　　JB/T 5284-1991 防爆型刮刀卸料离心机　　序号标准代号标准名称　1GB/T 4774-2004分离机械名词术语2GB 7779-2005离心机型号编制方法3GB 10901-2005离心机　性能测试方法4　GB/19815-2005离心机安全要求5GB/T10894-2004分离机械噪音测试方法6GB/T10895-2004离心机分离机机械振动测试方法7JB/T 447-2004活塞推料离心机8JB/T 10411-2004离心机、分离机奥氏体钢锻件超声检测及质量评级　9JB/T 8051-2006离心机转鼓强度计算规范　10JB/T 8865-2001活塞推料离心机用滤网11JB/T 9095-1999离心机、分离机锻焊件无损探伤技术规范12JB/T 7217-2006分离机械涂装通用技术条件13JB/T 6418-2006分离机械清洁度测定方法　　变频器在离心机的应用：1 引言　　工业离心机是化工行业主要设备之一，它主要通过离心力作用将固液分离，一般由进料、洗涤、脱水、括刀、卸料等几个部分，其中进料、洗涤、括刀、卸料等部分是通过电磁阀、气动阀控制，离心釜是实现固液分离的主要部件，由一台三相交流电机通过皮带传动。根据工艺特点在开始阶段物料主要是固液混合物，刚起动时负载相对较大，当达到一定的转速时液体在离心力的作用下由离心外侧流出，这样部分液体先被分离出来，随着电机转速的进一步提高，负载也相应减小。根据工艺要求，一般分为几个不同转速运行以达到分离效果。　　2 变频器在离心机上的应用　　2.1 变频器应用的提出　　近几年变频器作为一种工业控制设备在不断更新发展，各行各业有着广泛的应用。随着电力电子技术、变频控制理论、微机控制技术的不断成熟，变频器的性能不断完善、功能也不断增强:如多段速、可编程自动运行、通讯功能等，这使用得变频器能适应多种应用场合。根据离心机的生产工艺，可采用变频器的多段速功能控制来实现，另外变频器一般都带有内置制动单元或外部制动单元，这可解决离心机在停车时因惯性大造成停车困难的问题。　　2.2 惠丰F1000－G系列变频器在离心机上的应用　　离心机负载为恒转矩大惯性负载，这里选用烟台惠丰公司专业生产的F1000－G系列通用型变频器。以电机功率为22kW、4极为例，选用F1000-G0220T3C，其外部控制电路见图1。其中K1的启动信号接变频器OP6多功能控制端子，K2多段速度1接变频器的OP2， K3多段速度2接变频器的OP3，K5多段速度3接变频器的OP4，根据需要选用三段速即低速运行、中速运行及高速运行，具体运行速度可通过设定相对应的参数。　　图1 离心机变频外部控制示意图　　2.3 惠丰变频器主要参数设定　　通用型变频器的主电路如图2所示。　　图2 通用变频器的主电路示意图　　根据离心机负载特性，设定以下主要参数: 　　表1 变频器运行设定参数　　2.4 惠丰制动单元的应用　　离心机为大惯性负载，采用变频器控制时都要求增加制动单元才能满足要求。由电机的运行特性知道当电机的实际转速高于同步转速时电机运行在发电机状态，当离心机开始停机时变频器的输出频率开始按减速时间下降，由于负载惯性离心机此时转速变化不大，造成电机实际转速高于同步转速，电机处于发电制动状态，由变频器的主回路知道，此时电机侧反馈回的能量将通过逆变回路的续流二极管D1-D6反馈到直流回路的滤波电容C1、C2上，这时变频器的母线电压Ud会升高(即泵升电压)，过高的泵升电压将使变频器出现过压保护，甚至会损坏变频器，为此，必须加装制动组件，烟台惠丰公司专业生产的BUDR系列制动单元适用于各种通用变频器，当制动单元控制回路检测到直流母线电压达到一定值时控制其开关管IGBT开通，制动电阻RB接到回路中，将电机的反馈的制动能量消耗在电阻上，以维持正常的母线电压Ud。　　3 调试注意问题　　根据离心机负载特性，在调试时应注意: 　　(1) 离心机负载起动转矩要求较高，可能出现起动困难的情况，这时可适当提升变频器的转矩补偿值，F1000-G系列F502设定参数为9，但起动转矩补偿不可太大，否则可能出现过流(故障代码为O.C.)、过载(故障代码为O.L.)等报警，若在加速中出现过流报警应适当延长加速时间; 　　(2) 离心机惯性大，若要变频器按减速时间停车，必须加装制动单元，其制动电阻的选择一般变频器厂家说明手册上都有，可根据操作手册选择，正常工作时制动电阻会因消耗能量而发热，如果减速时会出现过压报警(故障代码为O.E.)可适当延长减速时间F304、F310、F316参数; 　　(3) 一般离心机安装在操作现场，多台变频器集中置于控制室内，如果现场与离心机距离超过变频器的允许范围应采相应的处理措施，如合理分布主回路线与控制线、加装输出电抗器或滤波器，以防变频器输出电压的衰减，或考虑加大变频器的容量。　　4 结束语　　离心机采用变频调速可以根据不同工艺要求进行调速，根据物料的不同可方便地选择多段速运行，同时采用变频控制实现电机的软启动，减少对电网的冲击，变频器具有过流、过载、过压等丰富的保护功能，当

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离心机原理翻译一下····: 翻译

翻译翻译，请高手帮我翻译一下这个说明: Followthesysteminstallationinstructionscarefullyandinthespecifiedorder.ThesoftwaremustbeinstalledonthecomputerbeforeconnectingtheUSBcable.2.1FacilitiesRequirementsFacilit... Follow the system installation instructions carefully and in the specified order. The software must be installed on the computer before connecting the USB cable. 2.1 Facilities Requirements Facilities requirements for the alpha-SE system are listed in Table 2-1 and the system dimensions are given in Fig. 2-1. As shown in Fig. 2-2， the alpha-SE tool requires a clear work area of 20 by 18 inches (500 by 460 mm)， excluding the operator computer. 2.2 Unpacking the Hardware Opening the Shipping Container Move the alpha-SE shipping container to the area where the tool will be installed. Open the container and remove the top and side pieces of packing foam. Carefully remove all smaller components from the shipping container， verifying that you received all components， as shown in Fig. 2-3. Finally， remove the alpha-SE ellipsometer and position it on your clear 20” by 18” (510 by 460 mm) workspace. Caution: The alpha-SE ellipsometer without sample chuck weighs approximately 37 lbs. (16 kg.). Please find an assistant to lift the alpha-SE unit out of the shipping carton and on to clear work surface. 展开

帮忙翻译一下，谢谢: IFRS13willhelpincreasetransparencywhenentitiesusemodelstomeasurefairvalue，particularlywhenusersneedmoreinformationaboutmeasurementuncertainty，suchaswhenthemarketforanasse... IFRS 13 will help increase transparency when entities use models to measure fair value， particularly when users need more information about measurement uncertainty， such as when the market for an asset or a liability has become less active. IFRS 13 requires entities to disclose information about the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value， as well as information about the uncertainty inherent in fair value measurements (which was of particular concern during the global fi nancial crisis). Some of those disclosures， including the fair value hierarchy， were already introduced in March 2009 through an amendment to IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures. Those disclosures have been relocated to IFRS 13. The requirements in IFRS 13 also incorporate the guidance in a FASB Staff Position (FSP) issued in April 2009. 展开

谁帮我翻译一下: LabVIEWTM(LaboratoryVirtualInstrumentEngineeringWorkbench)isapowerfulinstrumentationandanalysisprogramminglanguageforPCsrunningMicrosoftWindows，SunSPARCstations，AppleMaci... LabVIEWTM (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) is a powerful instrumentation and analysis programming language for PCs running Microsoft Windows， Sun SPARCstations， Apple Macintosh computers， Concurrent PowerMax， and HP-UX workstations. LabVIEW departs from the sequential nature of traditional programming languages and features a graphical programming environment and all the tools needed for data acquisition， analysis， and presentation. With this graphical programming language， called “G，” you can program in a block diagram notation， the natural design notation of scientists and engineers. After you create a block diagram program， LabVIEW compiles it into machine code. LabVIEW integrates data acquisition， analysis， and presentation in one system. For acquiring data and controlling instruments， LabVIEW supports RS-232/422， IEEE 488 (GPIB)， and VXI， including Virtual Instrument Software Architecture (VISA) functions， as well as plug-in data acquisition (DAQ) boards. An instrument library with drivers for hundreds of instruments simplifies instrument control applications. For analyzing data， the extensive Analysis library contains functions for signal generation， signal processing， filters， windows， statistics， regression， linear algebra， and array arithmetic. Because LabVIEW is graphical in nature， it is inherently a data presentation package. LabVIEW can generate charts， graphs， and customized， user-defined graphics. 尽量翻的好一点，谢谢能不能对GOOGLE自动翻译过的稍加修改下展开

请帮忙翻译一下，拜托: A new kind of TiO2 nanotube array/Ni(OH)2 (TiO2/Ni(OH)2) composite electrode with the storage ability of light energy was prepared by the deposition of Ni(OH)2 on the TiO2 nanotube array， which was synthesized by anodizing Ti foils in an HF... A new kind of TiO2 nanotube array/Ni(OH)2 (TiO2/Ni(OH)2) composite electrode with the storage ability of light energy was prepared by the deposition of Ni(OH)2 on the TiO2 nanotube array， which was synthesized by anodizing Ti foils in an HF aqueous solution. SEM and XRD results showed that Ni(OH)2 particles were well distributed on high density， well-ordered and uniform TiO2 nanotube arrays. The photoelectrochemical properties of the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode were investigated in NaHCO3/NaOH buffer solution (pH 10) by means of UV–vis absorption spectra， cyclic voltammogram (CV) and photocurrent measurements. It was found that the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode was highly sensitive to light and exhibited excellent photoelectrochromic properties. Upon UV irradiation， the photogenerated holes by TiO2 nanotube arrays can oxidize Ni(OH)2 to NiOOH， and thus the TiO2/Ni(OH)2 electrode can be photo-charged by light。1. Introduction Among many visible light photocatalysts， TiO2nanostructures have attracted much attention due to high photocatalytic activ-ity， nontoxicity， chemical stability and huge potential applications [1–6]. The TiO2 nanotube array is one of most attention-getting TiO2nanostructures because of large surface area and outstanding charge transport properties. TiO2nanotube arrays can be utilized in dye-sensitized solar cells[7–9]， photocatalysis and hydrogen gas sensing [10]. So far， a variety of methods have been attempted to prepare TiO2 nanotube arrays， such as hydrothermal synthe-sis[11]， Langmuir–Blodgett technique [12]， solution casting [13] and anodization technique[10，14]， etc. Among these methods， the anodization technique has many advantages of low cost， low tem-perature and easy to be scaled up to large-area preparation. Recently， anewkindof photo-functional systemwith theenergy storage ability has been developed by coupling TiO2 photosen-sitive electrode with energy storage materials. In Takahashi and Tatsuma’swork[15]，aTiO2/Ni(OH)2bilayer thinfilmwas suggested for the oxidative energy storage. In this case， a redox-activep-type semiconductor Ni(OH)2is coupled withn-type TiO2photocatalyst to formap–njunction，WhenTiO2is illuminatedby light， holesgen-erated at the junction are separated from excited electrons， trans-ported into the bulk of Ni(OH)2and oxidized Ni(OH)2to NiOOH. Therefore， the oxidative energy storage system was constructed 展开

帮忙翻译一下，万分感谢: 说明一下860DSP是一个信号测量仪器的型号 Here is a good explanation of how the 860 in spectrum mode uses the different settings like dwell wide， narrow， and averaging to look at the spectrum data differently. 860 DSPI Spectrum Analyzer Set... 说明一下860DSP是一个信号测量仪器的型号 Here is a good explanation of how the 860 in spectrum mode uses the different settings like dwell wide， narrow， and averaging to look at the spectrum data differently. 860 DSPI Spectrum Analyzer Settings Explanation In the 860 DSPI there are 3 different and unique spectrum analyzer “Detectors”. These detectors may alter the view of a signals appearance， depending on which is selected. Each detector can show a different picture on the same signal because of the way the detector functions. An important selection to our spectrum analyzer is the amount of digital snap shots to be taken. This will be the amount of digital snapshots that is taken in the allocated bandwidth before showing a picture. With this said， the more sampling that is put into the spectrum analyzer the slower it will seem to update， but more opportunity to capture ingress and other interference that can happen inside a cable plant. Dwell Wide- Dwell Wide takes the largest snapshot out of the amount taken， then the 7.5 MHz spectrum is peak held as the 860 DSPI tunes across the selected frequencies in 250 kHz steps. Example: In Dwell Wide， with a 32 sampling rate set， this in turn means the 860 will dwell or sit on a portion of the spectrum defined above， take 32 snap shots， and then display the picture with the max amplitude before moving on to the next portion of bandwidth. Dwell Narrow- Dwell Narrow takes the largest snapshot out of the amount taken， then a 250 kHz spectrum slice is peak held as the 860 DSPI tunes across the selected frequencies in 250 kHz steps. The difference between Dwell Narrow and Dwell Wide is that Dwell Narrow only peak holds across a 250 kHz slice， where as Dwell wide peak holds the entire 7.5 MHz. Example: In Dwell Narrow， with a 32 sampling rate set， this in turn means the 860 will go to the first 7.5 MHz of the spectrum it will look at a 250 kHz slice of the 7.5 MHz and take its 32 samples. These 32 samples will be done in a peak hold fashion， then display the sample that contains the largest signal. Averaging: This detector when selected looks at a 7.5 MHz portion of the spectrum. When it tunes to the first 7.5 MHz portion of the spectrum， it takes into account how much sampling is selected， then takes it’s digital snapshots on the entire 7.5 MHz， averages those pictures together， then shows the final averaged picture. This detector is used for looking at large amounts of bandwidth. Example: In Averaging， with a 32 sampling rate set， this in turn means the 860 will go to the first 7.5 MHz of the spectrum， take it’s 32 digital snap shots， average those together， and show the average of the 32 snapshots. 展开

英语高手帮忙翻译一下: ThequalitysystemofthecompanyisinconformitywithISO9002.Makingcomprehensiveuseofbiotechnology，thecompanyspecializesinmanufacturingandsellingC-4seriesorganicacidsandchiralpr... The quality system of the company is in conformity with ISO 9002 . Making comprehensive use ofbiotechnology， the company specializes in manufacturing and selling C-4series organic acids and chiral products. These products are widely used in many fields such as food， phamaceutical and chemical industries， and are well accepted by the overseas markets. The man products are L-Malic acid ， DL-Malic acid， L(+)-Tartaric acid ， Fumaric acid， Maleic acid and other organic acids. Annual productivity amounts to 20，000 tones. The company has become an important manufacturer of C-4 series organic acids in the world . All the products of the company have respectively met the different international aadvanced standards such as Food chemicals Codex， U.S. Pharmacopoeia ，British Pharmacopoeia and the products have obtained Star-K Kosher certificate. Above 70% of the Companys products are exported to Japan， Europe， Australias， the United states and middle East ， and they are renown and well recognized in the international markets. The company will devote itself to research and development of enzyme technology and organic electrochemistry. It will continuously introduce new food additives， chiral pharmaceutical intermediates， chiral auxiliaries and chiral drugs. Depending on superior quality， good service and high reputation， the company is willing to establish a long-term mutually beneficial business partnership with overseas customers and continue contribute to the happy life of humans. 展开

50分！高手帮忙翻译一下: LabVIEWisapowerfulandcomplexprogrammingenvironment.LabVIEWisshortforLaboratoryVirtualInstrumentEngineeringWorkbench.Itisapowerfulandflexibleinstrumentationandanalysissoft... LabVIEW is a powerful and complex programming environment. LabVIEW is short for Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench. It is a powerful and flexible instrumentation and analysis software development application created by the folks at National Instruments—a company that creates hardware and software products that leverage computer technology to help engineers and scientists take measurements， control processes， and analyze and storem data. National Instruments was founded over twenty-five years ago in Austin， Texas by James Truchard (known as Dr. T)， Jeffrey Kodosky， and William Nowlin. At the time， all three men were working on sonar applications for the U.S. Navy at the Applied Research Laboratories at The University of Texas at Austin. Searching for a way to connect test equipment to DEC PDP-11 computers， Dr. T decided to develop an interface bus. He recruited Jeff and Bill to join him in his endeavor， and together they successfully developed LabVIEW and the notion of a “virtual instrument.” In the process they managed to infuse their new company—National Instruments—with an entrepreneurial spirit that still pervades the company today. Engineers and scientists in research， development， production， test， and service industries as diverse as automotive， semiconductor， aerospace， electronics， chemical， telecommunications， and pharmaceutical have used and continue touse LabVIEW to support their work. LabVIEW is a major player in the area of testing and measurements， industrial automation， and data analysis. For example， scientists at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory used LabVIEW to analyze and display Mars Pathfinder Sojourner rover engineering data， including the position and temperature of the rover， how much power remained in the rover’s battery， and generally to monitor Sojourner’s overall health. LabVIEW provides an extensive library of virtual instruments and functions to help you in your programming. It includes conventional program debugging tools with which you can set breakpoints， single-step through the program， and animate the execution so you can observe the flow of data. 毕业设计急用，望高手帮忙翻译一下展开

谁帮我翻译一下，谢谢: ···until TLC analysis indicated the absence of dipolarophile.

求日语日文翻译帮忙翻译一下。。。万分感谢: 请求项2记载の透明硬脆材料のレーザ加工装置において、前记半透过ミラー及び前记反射ミラーにおける凹面のそれぞれの焦点位置が、同位置となるよう配置したことを特徴とするレーザ加工装置。

离心机工作原理？:

磁悬浮离心机原理:

在离心机中basket是什么，怎么翻译:

大哥大姐谁帮我翻译一下: Since its advent in the early 1970s the logic analyser has become arguably the most important single piece of test equipment in the digital designer’s armoury. It is now a far more versatile instrument than its early predecessors， still ... Since its advent in the early 1970s the logic analyser has become arguably the most important single piece of test equipment in the digital designer’s armoury. It is now a far more versatile instrument than its early predecessors， still offering a complete solution to today’s ever more complex digital design and measurement challenges. As with most modern test equipment， the ongoing development of logic analysers has been fuelled by continual improvements in microprocessor technology， allowing cost-effective implementation of advanced measurement techniques. This continual development has been driven， to a great extent， by the need to be able to debug complex microprocessor-based or highspeed state machine designs. As the inclusion of microprocessor or VLSl components into circuit design becomes more and more routine， the instrument manufacturer must maintain the logic analyser as a user-friendly， relatively-low-cost solution to modern digital design and test problems. In addition， however， as these components increase in both complexity and performance， the instrument manufacturer must be able to support state-of-the-art measurement techniques， while still offering the digital design engineer the same depth of general-purpose circuit analysis.Clearly， as design complexity increases， an increasing volume of measurement data must be represented and manipulated in such a way that it can be quickly and easily interpreted by the engineer. The basic logic analyser provides a means of monitoring software execution， digital hardware operation and， more importantly to many， the interaction between the two. Being the only instrument that can comprehensively bridge this notional divide between hardware and software， the logic analyser is often given the role of arbitrator in the search for that elusive system bug. 展开

能帮我翻译一下吗？谢谢: 能不能帮我翻译一下这几句话啊？（1）HeterOgeneous Green Catalyst for Oxidation of Cyclohexene and Cyclooctene with Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Host(Nanocavity of Y—zeolite)／Guest(N4一Cu(II) Schif Base Complex)Nanocomposite... 能不能帮我翻译一下这几句话啊？（1）HeterOgeneous Green Catalyst for Oxidation of Cyclohexene and Cyclooctene with Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Host(Nanocavity of Y—zeolite)／Guest(N4一Cu(II) Schif Base Complex)Nanocomposite Material （2）Department of Chemistry，Faculty of Science，Alzahra University Vanak，Tehran，P.O ．1993891176，Iran (3)Department of Chemistry，K．N Toosi University of Technology， Tehran P O．Box 16315-1618．Iran （4）Incorporation of copper(II)in NaY(metal exchanged Y-zeolite 谢谢啦！展开

请高手帮我翻译一下这一段。。。: Carbonnanomaterialsarenovelmanufacturedmaterials，havingwidespreadpotentialapplications.Adsorptionofhydrophobicorganiccompounds(HOCs)bycarbonnanomaterialsmayenhancetheirto... Carbon nanomaterials are novel manufactured materials， having widespread potential applications. Adsorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) by carbon nanomaterials may enhance their toxicity and affect the fate， transformation， and transport of HOCs in the environment. In this research， adsorption of naphthalene， phenanthrene， and pyrene onto six carbon nanomaterials， including fullerenes， single-walled carbon nanotubes ， and multiwalled carbon nanotubes was investigated， which is the first systematic study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sorption by various carbon nanomaterials. All adsorption isotherms were nonlinear and were fitted well by the Polanyi-Manes model (PMM). Through both isotherm modeling and constructing “characteristic curve”， Polanyi theory was useful to describe the adsorption process of PAHs by the carbon nanomaterials. The three fitted parameters (Q0， a， and b) of PMM depended on both PAH properties and the nature of carbon nanomaterials. For different PAHs， adsorption seems to relate with their molecular size， i.e.， the larger the molecular size， the lower the adsorbed volume capacity (Q0)， but higher a and b values. For different carbon nanomaterials， adsorption seems to relate with their surface area， micropore volume， and the volume ratios of mesopore to micropore. Quantitative relationships between these sorbent properties and the estimated parameters of PMM were obtained. These relationships may represent a first fundamental step toward establishing empirical equations for quantitative prediction of PAH adsorption by carbon nanomaterials and possibly other forms of carbonaceous (geo-) sorbents， and for evaluating their environmental impact. In addition， high adsorption capacity of PAHs by carbon nanotubes may add to their high environmental risks once released to the environment， and result in potential alteration of PAHs fate and bioavailability in the environment. 展开

请各位大虾帮忙翻译一下：: Withmorethan6millionnewmeasurementchannelssoldlastyear，NationalInstrumentsisaworldwideleaderinvirtualinstrumentation.Engineershaveusedvirtualinstrumentationformorethan25y... With more than 6 million new measurement channels sold last year， National Instruments is a worldwide leader in virtual instrumentation. Engineers have used virtual instrumentation for more than 25 years to bring the power of flexible software and PC technology to test， control， and design applications making accurate analog and digital measurements from DC to 2.7 GHz. This document provides an excellent introduction to virtual instrumentation as well as additional resources for continued research. What is virtual instrumentation? With virtual instrumentation， software based on user requirements defines general-purpose measurement and control hardware functionality. Virtual instrumentation combines mainstream commercial technologies， such as the PC， with flexible software and a wide variety of measurement and control hardware， so engineers and scientists can create user-defined systems that meet their exact application needs. With virtual instrumentation， engineers and scientists reduce development time， design higher quality products， and lower their design costs. 展开

跪求（急求）帮忙翻译一下: 无机前处理室主要开展食品样品中无机检测进仪器前的预处理工作。通过向食品样品中加入强氧化性酸，采用微波消解技术或电热板加热技术使被测无机组分从复杂的样品中分离出来，除去对分... 无机前处理室主要开展食品样品中无机检测进仪器前的预处理工作。通过向食品样品中加入强氧化性酸，采用微波消解技术或电热板加热技术使被测无机组分从复杂的样品中分离出来，除去对分析测定有干扰的基本物质，制成便于测定的溶液形式。样品的预处理过程都是在无机前处理室进行的。主要仪器：ETHOS A微波消解仪、SD500电热板、Mill-Q Advandage A10超纯水仪等。光谱室主要开展食品、饮用水等样品中重金属元素含量检测工作，各类仪器针对不同的物质进行检测有其各自的优势。原子吸收光谱仪耶拿ZEEnie-700系列仪器主要用于铅、镉、铜、铬、锰、锌、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠等项目检测，双道原子荧光光度计吉天AFS-820a系列仪器主要用于砷、汞、锡等项目检测。光谱分析技术已经被广泛应用于食品和水质检测、环境保护、医药卫生等领域。主要仪器：原子吸收光谱仪耶拿ZEEnie-700系列、双道原子荧光光度计AFS-820a系列。承检项目：食品、饮用水中重金属铅、镉、铜、铬、锰、锌、铁、钙、镁、钾、钠、砷、汞、锡等。要英文的谢谢展开

请高手帮忙翻译一下 3: 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron mic... 2.2.1. Physical and physicochemical characterization The particle size distribution of the Ch-zeolite was determined using a laser diffraction equipment (CILASk 1064) and standard wet sieving (Mesh Tylerk series). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-PHILIPSk XL20) was used for photomicrographs as well as to analyse the Ch-zeolite composition (Energy Dispersion X-ray， EDX). The sample was initially placed in a vacuum chamber for coating with a thin layer (few nanometers) of gold (Au). The specific surface area of the material was measured by the methylene blue technique and by nitrogen gas adsorption methods， with the latter also providing information about particle porosity. In the methylene blue adsorption method， aqueous solutions (50 ml) of methylene blue (100 mg l 1) were agitated using an orbital shaker (Marconik) for an hour at room temperature in the presence of different quantities of the Ch-zeolite (0.05–0.3 g). The suspensions were then allowed to settle for 23 h and the resulting supernatants were centrifuged at 5000 rpm before the analysis of the residual methylene blue concentration. Results obtained correspond to averaged values of three different experiments. The specific surface area was evaluated by the Langmuir model， assuming the formation， at high concentrations， of a dye monolayer and 1.08 nm2 molecule 1， for the cross-sectional area (Van den Hul and Lyklema， 1968). The Ch-zeolite specific surface area was evaluated by the nitrogen gas adsorption method， using automated equipment (Autosorb 1-Quantachrome Instrumentsk)， employing multipoint BET isotherm adsorption data fitting. Also from these data， the porosity of the material was evaluated through parameters such as volume of total pores (d < 206 nm)， surface area and volume of micropores (d < 2 nm; Micropore Analysis Method). Zeta potential measurements for the natural and ammonia loaded zeolite， as a function of medium pH， were determined using a Zeta Plusk equipment (Brookhaven Instruments). Suspensions (0.01% v/v) of the Ch-zeolite， previously sieved below 37 Am (400 Mesh Tylerk)， in a 10 3 mol l 1 solution of KNO3 were used and the medium pH was controlled with the addition of HNO3 (pH< 7) and KOH (pH>7)， separately. For the Ch-zeolite saturated with ammonia， suspensions of the material were prepared by the same procedure， except that the sample was loaded with 100 mg NH3–N l 1 of ammonia. 展开

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